A comprehensive review of health challenges faced by older population in India

• Author Details:   
• Rutuja Khobragade ^*

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India is experiencing a rapid demographic shift with its elderly population projected to exceed 300 million by 2050, posing significant health, social, and economic challenges. Older adults in India face a complex health burden characterized by a high prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, arthritis, and cardiovascular conditions, alongside communicable diseases exacerbated by weakened immunity and poor living conditions. These health issues are compounded by social determinants including isolation, financial dependency, and inadequate healthcare infrastructure tailored to geriatric needs. Despite existing government initiatives like the National Programme for Health Care of the Elderly, gaps remain in accessibility, affordability, and quality of care, especially among rural and marginalized groups. The transition from traditional joint family systems to nuclear families further intensifies the vulnerability of the elderly by reducing familial support. This comprehensive review synthesizes findings from national surveys and empirical studies to highlight disparities in health outcomes across gender, geography, and socio-economic status. It underscores the urgent need for a holistic healthcare approach encompassing preventive, promotive, curative, and rehabilitative services, strengthened policy implementation, and capacity building for geriatric care professionals. Addressing these multifaceted challenges is crucial to ensuring dignity, well-being, and improved quality of life for India’s aging population.